{"id":6186,"date":"2023-10-20T14:00:03","date_gmt":"2023-10-20T18:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/?p=6186"},"modified":"2023-10-23T13:29:32","modified_gmt":"2023-10-23T17:29:32","slug":"ethereum-classic-beginners-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/ethereum-classic-beginners-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is Ethereum Classic (ETC)? | A Guide to the Original Ethereum Blockchain"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ethereum Classic is the original Ethereum blockchain and allows for the implementation of decentralized applications and smart contracts. The project was born out of an unwavering belief in core principles. It symbolizes the importance of a cryptocurrency being fungible and its blockchain immutable.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/files.coinmarketcap.com\/static\/widget\/currency.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"coinmarketcap-currency-widget\" data-currencyid=\"1321\" data-base=\"USD\" data-secondary=\"\" data-ticker=\"true\" data-rank=\"true\" data-marketcap=\"true\" data-volume=\"true\" data-stats=\"USD\" data-statsticker=\"false\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>The <a href=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/what-is-ethereum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ethereum<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>and <a href=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/ethereum-classic-vs-ethereum\/\">Ethereum Classic<\/a> blockchains were identical all the way up to block 1920000<\/strong>. The infamous DAO set an important precedent in blockchain and cryptocurrency forever, creating a philosophical rift in the Ethereum community.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In this guide, we&#8217;ll cover what you need to know including:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#hard-fork\">The Hard Fork<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#how-does-ethereum-classic-work\">How Does Ethereum Classic Work?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#history\">History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ethereum-classic-team\">Ethereum Classic Team<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#coin-supply-sustainability\">Coin Supply and Sustainability<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#future-projects-roadmap\">Future Projects and Roadmap<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#competition\">Competition<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#trading-history\">Trading History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#where-to-buy-etc\">Where to Buy ETC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#where-to-store-etc\">Where to Store ETC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#final-thoughts\">Final Thoughts<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#additional-resources\">Additional Resources<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"hard-fork\">The Hard Fork<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A smart contract, known as the DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization), was created on the Ethereum platform. The DAO was essentially a venture capital fund where investors would vote on how to allocate capital. The fund was so popular that it attracted roughly 14 percent of all Ether in existence at the time, raising 150 million dollars. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The advantage and disadvantage of a smart contract is its autonomous execution. In this case, the smart contract had a design flaw that allowed someone to steal over 3.6 million Ether from The DAO. Vitalik Buterin, creator of Ethereum, and the majority of the community wanted to perform a hard fork that would roll the blockchain back to block 1920000, before the hack, so that funds could be returned. You can read more about the controversy and the decision to hard-fork Ethereum <a href=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/ethereum-classic-vs-ethereum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the hard fork to return people\u2019s funds, the original Ethereum blockchain remained and is now known as Ethereum Classic or ETC. The community that continued to mine and support the original blockchain believed there should be no outside influence on what was supposed to be an immutable blockchain. Ethereum Classic has since blazed its own trail in the cryptocurrency world. In the long run, the Ethereum Classic community hopes there is value in taking the principled approach that <\/span><b>code is law<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-does-ethereum-classic-work\">How Does Ethereum Classic Work?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The foremost thing to know about Ethereum Classic is smart contracts. Nick Szabo invented smart contracts in 1994. However, at the time, there was no decentralized platform that could securely store the smart contracts. The blockchain provided the perfect platform. Smart contracts are built on top of the Ethereum Classic blockchain and automatically enforce the rules of an agreement. Smart contracts could one day eliminate countless intermediary services in banking, file storage, insurance, identity and reputation services, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ethereum Classic\u2019s Turing-complete <\/span><b>Sputnik Virtual Machine<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> executes the smart contracts. A Turing complete machine can simulate a Turing Machine. The hypothetical machine by Alan Turing is the manipulation of a string of 1\u2019s and 0\u2019s to simulate any computer algorithm. It\u2019s never been proven that a computer can actually do more than a Turing machine and thus the Sputnik Virtual Machine can run any computer program coded onto it. The idea of Ethereum Classic is to not simply decentralize currency, but make a decentralized world computer. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ETC nodes have an\u00a0incentive to run the virtual machine financially. The nodes receive ETC fees for processing the transactions related to the contracts. The smart contracts are able to pay out to people in Ether classic. <\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Emerald Software Developer Kit (SDK)<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Development unique to Ethereum Classic produced the <\/span><b>Emerald Software Developer Kit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a toolkit to build dapps. The SDK contains other components for developers such as UI, libraries, and build tools. As Ethereum Classic is a platform, the ultimate goal is for as many developers as possible to be building on top of the blockchain. ETC aims to focus on the Internet of Things, often referred to as IoT. In an <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/classic-is-coming\/8btc-etcdev-team-ask-me-anything-9993b152b6f0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">interview<\/a>, ETC developer Igor Artamonov said, \u201cSmart contracts on [the] blockchain are ideally suited for simple agreements between machines operating on [a] distributed network, a machine-to-machine protocol, and IoT is [the] most obvious application to this.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Geth<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geth, using the Go programming language, provides a \u201cmultipurpose command line tool that runs a full Ethereum Classic node.\u201d Geth contains over 40 percent new code since the hard fork from Ethereum, demonstrating active development by the ETC team. The <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/classic-is-coming\/the-emerald-platform-ethereum-classic-395996b4e40b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">program<\/a> allows you to <\/span><b>mine ETC, transfer funds between wallets, create smart contracts and manage accounts. <\/b><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"history\">Ethereum Classic History<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ethereum Classic continued the original blockchain and split from Ethereum in July 2016. It was predicted that the <a href=\"https:\/\/ethereumclassic.github.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">original chain would simply disappear<\/a> after the fork but mining and trading continued. Eventually, Poloniex listed ETC and the price reached one-third of ETH\u2019s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After bitter attacks in the various Ethereum subreddits, ETC made a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/ethereumclassic.github.io\/assets\/ETC_Declaration_of_Independence.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Declaration of Independence<\/a>\u201d stating, \u201cwe believe in a decentralized, censorship-resistant, permission-less blockchain. We believe in the original vision of Ethereum as a world computer that cannot be shut down, running irreversible smart contracts.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From their Declaration of Independence\u2019s core principles:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cCode is law; there shall be no changes to the Ethereum Classic code that violate the properties of immutability, fungibility, or sanctity of the ledger; transactions or ledger history cannot for any reason be reversed or modified.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clearly, these principles did not align with Ethereum and thus ETC no longer associates with the Ethereum Foundation. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eventually, the thief dumped the ETC from the DAO hack onto the market, but surprisingly, the ETC price remained fairly stable. After all of the chaos, Ethereum Classic was eventually able to assemble a development team and set out on its own path. <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ethereum-classic-team\">Ethereum Classic Team<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Originally, the Ethereum Classic team, ETCDEV, intentionally held a lower profile. The lack of high profile leader is in line with their core philosophy of ETC being decentralized and free from powerful human influence. However, this team is no longer active.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Ethereum Classic development is led by ETC Labs and the IOHK Grothendieck team.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18163\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18163\" style=\"width: 1218px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18163\" src=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Screenshot-2019-02-20-14.50.30.png\" alt=\"Ethereum Classic Leadership Team\" width=\"1218\" height=\"394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Screenshot-2019-02-20-14.50.30.png 1218w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Screenshot-2019-02-20-14.50.30-591x191.png 591w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Screenshot-2019-02-20-14.50.30-621x201.png 621w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Screenshot-2019-02-20-14.50.30-300x97.png 300w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Screenshot-2019-02-20-14.50.30-768x248.png 768w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Screenshot-2019-02-20-14.50.30-874x283.png 874w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Screenshot-2019-02-20-14.50.30-600x194.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1218px) 100vw, 1218px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18163\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Previous ETCDEV Leadership Team<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"coin-supply-sustainability\">Coin Supply and Sustainability<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ETC diverges greatly from ETH when it comes to mining and coin supply. Ethereum has a built-in difficulty bomb that makes mining with proof of work harder over time. This will eventually force all miners to switch to proof of stake. ETC is pausing this difficulty bomb and intends to stick with proof of work. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On average there are 10-14 second block times with a reward of five ETC per block. As the block times are so short, transaction fees are relatively low, with an average fee of about one cent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ethereum Classic is inflationary through block rewards until the year 2025 at which point the coin supply will be capped at 210 million coins. Ethereum has no cap and plans to remain inflationary for the time being. ETC believes this monetary policy makes Classic a safer investment as the value of the coins will not decrease over time due to a neverending increase in supply. <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"future-projects-roadmap\">Future Projects and Roadmap<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2018, the development team released the <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ETCDEVTeam\/emerald-wallet\/releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Emerald Desktop Wallet<\/a>, the first ETC trustless wallet. They&#8217;ve also removed the difficulty time bomb we mentioned earlier and started work on implementing side chains for scalability.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Over the <a href=\"https:\/\/ethereumclassic.org\/roadmap\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">next two years<\/a>, the Ethereum Classic team is working to improve compatibility with the Ethereum chain, improve the Sputnik Virtual Machine, and implement side chains with Proof of Authority (PoA).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18164\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18164\" style=\"width: 1141px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18164\" src=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Screenshot-2019-02-20-15.04.41.png\" alt=\"Ethereum Classic Roadmap (2019-2020)\" width=\"1141\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Screenshot-2019-02-20-15.04.41.png 1141w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Screenshot-2019-02-20-15.04.41-591x225.png 591w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Screenshot-2019-02-20-15.04.41-621x236.png 621w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Screenshot-2019-02-20-15.04.41-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Screenshot-2019-02-20-15.04.41-768x292.png 768w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Screenshot-2019-02-20-15.04.41-874x332.png 874w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Screenshot-2019-02-20-15.04.41-600x228.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1141px) 100vw, 1141px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18164\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ethereum Classic Roadmap (2019-2020)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"competition\">Competition<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no doubt that ETC runs up against some fierce competition. There is not only the obvious competitor of Ethereum but also any other smart contract provider. <a href=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/what-is-neo-cryptocurrency\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NEO<\/a>, in particular, has made a name for itself in the smart contract space. However, the ETC \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.investinblockchain.com\/what-is-ethereum-classic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">community remains less focused on other technologies coming in direct competition\u2026 and more on partnerships and complementary solutions.<\/a>\u201d It&#8217;s worth noting that when you compare the platform to some other smart contract providers, ETC certainly excels in its level of decentralization.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"trading-history\">Trading History<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ETC consistently ranks in the top 20 for the overall market cap. After a developer conference in Hong Kong, the price spiked up to 20 dollars. The coin then saw a spike to over 30 dollars after the first phase of a new monetary policy to remove inflation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>ETC reached an all-time USD high at the height of the 2017\/early-2018 bull market, topping $45.50 (~0.00316 BTC). Since then, the price has continued to drop. It currently hovers around $4.50 (~0.00115 BTC).<\/p>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\nbaseUrl = \"https:\/\/widgets.cryptocompare.com\/\";\nvar scripts = document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\");\nvar embedder = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ];\nvar cccTheme = {\"General\":{\"showExport\":true}};\n(function (){\nvar appName = encodeURIComponent(window.location.hostname);\nif(appName==\"\"){appName=\"local\";}\nvar s = document.createElement(\"script\");\ns.type = \"text\/javascript\";\ns.async = true;\nvar theUrl = baseUrl+'serve\/v3\/coin\/chart?fsym=ETC&tsyms=EUR,CNY,GBP,USD';\ns.src = theUrl + ( theUrl.indexOf(\"?\") >= 0 ? \"&\" : \"?\") + \"app=\" + appName;\nembedder.parentNode.appendChild(s);\n})();\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the majority of development and interest lies with the hard fork Ethereum, it will be interesting to see the effects of centralization and inflation on the coin over the long haul.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"where-to-buy-etc\">Where to Buy ETC<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can trade for ETC with BTC and ETH on <a href=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/binance-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Binance<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/bittrex-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bittrex<\/a>. You can also purchase ETC directly with USD on <a href=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/coinbase-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Coinbase<\/a>, the easiest-to-use option.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Outside of purchasing ETC, you can also mine. The project provides an extensive list of <a href=\"https:\/\/ethereumclassic.org\/resources\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mining pools<\/a> on their website.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"where-to-store-etc\">Where to Store ETC<\/h2>\n<p>You have plenty of storage options for your ETC tokens. Ideally, you should use the Ethereum Classic-provided <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ETCDEVTeam\/emerald-wallet\/releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Emerald wallet<\/a>. If that&#8217;s not to your liking, there are tons of <a href=\"https:\/\/ethereumclassic.org\/resources\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">additional options<\/a> that the ETC team recommends.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For a mobile wallet, <a href=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/jaxx-wallet-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jaxx<\/a> supports ETC. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, for maximum security, you can use the <a href=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/ledger-nano-s-wallet-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ledger Nano S hardware wallet<\/a>\u00a0or the <a href=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/trezor-wallet-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Trezor<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"final-thoughts\">Final Thoughts<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With ETC, you know you are investing in a commitment to an immutable blockchain. Their team hopes, in the long run, there is value in sticking to your principles. With ETH, there is the precedent that they could hard fork again based on human influence. It is important to remember cryptocurrencies arose out of the ashes of the banking collapse. Satoshi Nakamoto originally designed decentralized blockchains to answer corruption in the financial sector.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/ethereum-classic-vs-ethereum\/\">The immutable blockchain was meant to be free from the human tendency to corrupt.<\/a>\u201d Cryptocurrency thefts have happened before and will happen again. Where do we draw the line of what requires a hard fork? ETH blurred this line while ETC has clearly drawn their land in the sand.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Editor\u2019s Note: This article was updated by <a href=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/author\/stevenbuchko\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Steven Buchko<\/a> on 2.20.19 to reflect the recent changes of the project.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"additional-resources\">Additional Resources<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/eth_classic?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Twitter<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ethereumclassic.github.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Github<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/EthereumClassic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Reddit<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/telegram.me\/ethclassic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Telegram<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn about Ethereum Classic, the original Ethereum blockchain that allows for the implementation of decentralized applications and smart contracts.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":6200,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"iawp_total_views":19,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5712],"tags":[24255,5775,5785],"class_list":{"0":"post-6186","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-guides","8":"tag-etc","9":"tag-ethereum-classic","10":"tag-fundamentals"},"wppr_data":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Is Ethereum Classic (ETC)? 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