{"id":20750,"date":"2023-09-30T12:24:50","date_gmt":"2023-09-30T16:24:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/?p=20750"},"modified":"2023-10-02T18:47:47","modified_gmt":"2023-10-02T22:47:47","slug":"celsius-network-review","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/celsius-network-review\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Celsius Network | Exploring Crypto Lender&#8217;s Collapse"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Celsius Network is a bankrupt cryptocurrency lending platform and crypto interest account provider; it offered depositors interest on their digital assets. Suddenly, Celsius halted all withdrawals, swaps, and transfers on June 13th, 2022. In May 2022, the company had lent out a total of $8 billion to clients, and had nearly $12 billion in assets under management.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Celsius filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on July 13th, 2022, and founder Alex Mashinsky was arrested in June 2023; the Department of Justice accused Mashinsky of \u201corchestrating a scheme to defraud customers of Celsius through a series of false claims about the fundamental safety and security of the Celsius platform.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What Was Celsius Network?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Celsius was a cryptocurrency interest account and lending platform; storing cryptocurrency funds in Celsius would earn you interest every week.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On its \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220705084840\/https:\/\/celsius.network\/about-us\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">About Us<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d page, it billed itself as \u201ca platform of curated services that have been abandoned by big banks \u2013 things like fair yield, zero fees, and lightning-quick transactions.&#8221; Essentially, a cryptocurrency retail bank that functions similarly to traditional banks:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You deposit cryptocurrency into the Celsius app.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The company then loans those funds out to retail and institutional borrowers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every Monday, you receive a payment from the revenue that Celsius gains from those loans and other activities. The Celsius team boasted a<\/span><b> return of 80% of company revenue to users.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the other side of lending, one could get a loan from Celsius by putting up cryptocurrency as collateral. Unlike most traditional loan services, Celsius loans didn\u2019t require a credit check and typically granted approval in minutes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Celsius had about 300,000 active users (over $100 in wallets) and more than 1.7 million registered users at its peak.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sHzBOcoT3Tw?si=Wi9ElQwNEsvIr6JP\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The rates Celsius offered were reasonable\u2013 between 3% to 6% for tokens such as BTC and ETH, and upwards of 18% for other specific tokens. The model certainly didn\u2019t seem unsustainable\u2013 Celsius claimed to just make revenue on the spread between loans and interest paid.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_W327zdQ0x0?si=zkbFoSEbP2Y3v43o\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, behind the scenes, Celsius was aggressively investing user deposits in a variety of higher-risk schemes. Far from just the institutional and retail lending it advertised, Celsius was also active in DeFi deployments (billions of capital in applications like Aave, Maker, Compound, and BadgerDAO), mining (purchasing expensive mining equipment and readying for an expansion of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220707131248\/https:\/\/www.coindesk.com\/business\/2022\/05\/16\/celsius-network-files-draft-s-1-form-to-take-its-mining-unit-public\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bitcoin mining operations<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), and even various trading strategies.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Celsius was a private, centralized company and the majority of its balance existed off-chain, with only Celsius\u2019s internal team having the best shot of a clear view of its operations. The public at large could only piece together a kaleidoscope of Celsius\u2019s health from Celsius company announcements, semi-public materials (released by Celsius), Alex Mashinsky AMAs, anecdotal reports, and rumors on Twitter\/Telegram\/Discord with dubious credibility.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20812\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20812\" style=\"width: 2048px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20812 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Screen-Shot-2020-05-20-at-3.22.10-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"874\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Screen-Shot-2020-05-20-at-3.22.10-PM.png 2048w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Screen-Shot-2020-05-20-at-3.22.10-PM-591x252.png 591w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Screen-Shot-2020-05-20-at-3.22.10-PM-621x265.png 621w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Screen-Shot-2020-05-20-at-3.22.10-PM-300x128.png 300w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Screen-Shot-2020-05-20-at-3.22.10-PM-874x373.png 874w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Screen-Shot-2020-05-20-at-3.22.10-PM-768x328.png 768w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Screen-Shot-2020-05-20-at-3.22.10-PM-1536x655.png 1536w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Screen-Shot-2020-05-20-at-3.22.10-PM-600x256.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20812\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screenshot of the Celsius site (2020)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prior to freezing all user withdrawals, Celsius was considered <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220707125420\/https:\/\/celsius.network\/why-trust-celsius\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">very trustworthy by its users<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2013 in days prior to the freeze, many users dismissed rumors (which turned out to be true) as the typical FUD that is pervasive in the crypto community.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Celsius Network made believers out of an international community, seeing their cryptocurrency assets turned into what seemed like passive investment vehicles.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_24966\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24966\" style=\"width: 1890px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24966\" src=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-10-01-at-12.48.36-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1890\" height=\"1316\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-10-01-at-12.48.36-PM.png 1890w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-10-01-at-12.48.36-PM-591x412.png 591w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-10-01-at-12.48.36-PM-621x432.png 621w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-10-01-at-12.48.36-PM-300x209.png 300w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-10-01-at-12.48.36-PM-1024x713.png 1024w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-10-01-at-12.48.36-PM-121x84.png 121w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-10-01-at-12.48.36-PM-768x535.png 768w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Screen-Shot-2023-10-01-at-12.48.36-PM-1536x1070.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1890px) 100vw, 1890px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-24966\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An excerpt of the comment section of the Celsius Network corporate video above,<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why Did Celsius Network Fail? <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With billions of dollars in assets under management, it\u2019s hard to imagine a company claiming to pursue conservative crypto lending strategies going under as quickly.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The cracks at the seams began to show at various instances in Celsius\u2019 brief history.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In June 2021, Celsius partner and crypto custodian Prime Trust severed the relationship when Prime Trust&#8217;s risk team expressed apprehension over Celsius\u2019s strategy of \u201cendlessly re-hypothecating assets.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In other words, Celsius was lending the same assets over and over to different parties. In stable markets, this could lead to better yields. Any sharp market movements, such as those linked to the collapse of LUNA &amp; UST, would have severely negative consequences.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Celsius was advertising itself as a safe and trustworthy company, but was juicing its growth with an incredibly leveraged business model. With over 1.7 million customers around the world, Celsius was one of the largest entities in the cryptocurrency lending space.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The series of events that finally broke Celsius were as follows: the downfall of UST in May 2022 spiked the market downward, and thousands of customers rushed to pull their funds out of Celsius amid rumors that the company was severely impacted by the UST de-pegging and collapse.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The company and the very public-facing CEO Alex Mashinsky would shoot down any and all news of the company losing user funds, dismissing claims as rumors by \u201cvocal actors\u201d and malicious third parties spreading misinformation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Just days before halting withdrawals, Mashinsky claimed, on one of his weekly \u201cAsk Mashinsky Anything&#8221; sessions, \u201cCelsius has billions in liquidity, right, and we provide immediate access to everybody.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He made similar statements in <a href=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/celsius-ceo-alex-mashinsky-interview-2022\/\">interviews with CoinCentral<\/a>, as well.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Three days later, Celsius paused all customer withdrawals to \u201cstabilize liquidity and operations&#8221; due to &#8220;extreme market conditions.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The market continued to drop in double digits, and Celsius\u2019s token fell by a third to $0.21; it had traded for nearly $7 a year before. The news of Celsius stopping withdrawals even caused a 10% drop in the share price of Celsius Holdings, an unrelated energy drink company.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Celsius found itself harboring secrets of catastrophic losses and illiquid positions, such as having over 460,000 ETH locked in staking contracts.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Celsius filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on July 13,\u00a0 2022and filed a declaration the following day reporting<\/span><b> a $1.2 billion hole in the company\u2019s balance sheet. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Celsius had about 32% of the $5.5 billion of total crypto deposits left on the platform.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Celsius owed $4.7 billion of the $5.5 billion in total liabilities to its users, who stood as unsecured creditors. Through its Chapter 11 bankruptcy choice, repayments would be prioritized to secured creditors first, then unsecured creditors, and then equity holders\u2013 essentially leave hundreds of thousands of users with their assets locked on the platform.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mashinsky would now claim that the company had &#8220;made what, in hindsight, proved to be certain poor asset deployment decisions&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The $167 million cash Celsius had left on hand would go to support its operations during bankruptcy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Congratulations to Celsius lawyers and advisors who are on track to have now passed $140M in fees, at the expense of victims left behind by <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Mashinsky?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@Mashinsky<\/a>&#8216;s despicable $3B fraud. ???? <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/PwYJ8JLwKO\">pic.twitter.com\/PwYJ8JLwKO<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Cam Crews (@camcrews) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/camcrews\/status\/1637931095378522115?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 20, 2023<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As of writing, Celsius has paid its lawyers and bankers <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/crypto-depositors-spar-with-pricey-lawyers-in-celsius-bankruptcy-and-land-a-few-punches-80cf5aa\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">over $175 million in fees<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, eating into the amount owed to creditors. <\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Arrest of Alex Mashinsky<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mashinsky resigned as Celsius CEO on September 27, 2022.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.co.uk\/article\/celsius-founder-alex-mashinsky-arrest-crypto-hero-worship\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> He was arrested and charged with seven counts of fraud<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by the US Department of Justice in July 2023. If found guilty on all counts, he could face up to 115 years in prison.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0He was released from custody on a $40 million bond, pleading not guilty.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Was Celsius a Ponzi Scheme?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Celsius failed to properly disclose its business model and risks to its users, leaving many of its users\u2019 livelihoods clinging in the throes of bankruptcy courts. Celsius has certainly been <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cases.stretto.com\/public\/x191\/11749\/PLEADINGS\/1174901312380000000039.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">accused of being a Ponzi scheme<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and some of its dealings with the CEL token are reminiscent of a Ponzi, but that doesn\u2019t seem to be the full story.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite its embellishment of risk and outright lying to the public, the irresponsibly leveraged business model of seemingly endless rehypothecation, and illiquid positions,<\/span><b> Celsius\u2019s failings point to the inherent risks of the grey territory in which centralized companies in cryptocurrency operate.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other crypto lenders such as BlockFi, Voyager Digital, Hodlnaut, and Genesis Global Capital were all caught in the shockwaves of the Terra Luna collapse, Three Arrows Capital losses, and the FTX fiasco.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The majority of collapses in 2022 were the result of incestuous relationships between highly leveraged centralized companies in an extremely volatile market.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Final Thoughts: What\u2019s Next for Celsius Network and What Can We Learn?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s important to differentiate between <\/span><b>true DeFi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>centralized actors operating in DeFi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2013 even Celsius, amid shuttering all withdrawals in preparation for bankruptcy, had to pay back over $500 million to its three largest DeFi lenders (Compound, Aave, and Maker) or automatically risk losing over $1 billion in collateral.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The problem is that centralized companies such as Celsius Network, Voyager Digital, and Hodlnaut could completely obfuscate what they were doing with user deposits off-chain. All users, who implicitly believed their assets were undeniably still their property once on the platform, were <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/finance\/us-judge-says-celsius-network-owns-most-customer-crypto-deposits-2023-01-05\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">soon shown the opposite<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The once-active <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/CelsiusNetwork\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Celsius Reddit community<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> momentarily turned into a support group, with many users claiming to have lost anywhere from a few paychecks to a few years of income to their life savings on the platform. The Reddit page is now mostly spam.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other communities, such as the Celsius Retail Clawback Protection group on Telegram, have emerged to voice user rights and share information in the nightmarish lengthy bankruptcy process.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As of writing, Celsius users have voted on a post-bankruptcy plan presented by the Celsius legal team, where they will receive some percentage of their crypto and some percentage in equity for a new company, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cointelegraph.com\/news\/fahrenheit-wins-bid-to-acquire-assets-of-crypto-lender-celsius\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fahrenheit<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which won the bid to acquire Celsius\u2019s assets.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Further Reading:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arkhamintelligence.com\/research\/reports\/celsius-report\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arkham Intelligence\u2019s report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the Celsius Network downfall for a more comprehensive picture.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wondering if Celsius Network is a legitimate way to earn passive income on your crypto? We&#8217;ve got all the answers for you right here in this review.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":24977,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"iawp_total_views":25,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5713],"tags":[5741,27297,15327,27551,5773,5774,5831,28089],"class_list":{"0":"post-20750","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-reviews","8":"tag-bitcoin","9":"tag-blockfi","10":"tag-celsius-network","11":"tag-crypto-lending","12":"tag-eos","13":"tag-ethereum","14":"tag-ripple","15":"tag-why-did-celsius-fail"},"wppr_data":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is Celsius Network | Exploring Crypto Lender&#039;s Collapse<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The once trustworthy crypto lender deceived hundreds of thousands of its users, plunging their assets into bankruptcy court. 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