{"id":12946,"date":"2023-11-20T19:53:11","date_gmt":"2023-11-21T00:53:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/?p=12946"},"modified":"2023-11-21T15:20:23","modified_gmt":"2023-11-21T20:20:23","slug":"dex-decentralized-exchanges-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/dex-decentralized-exchanges-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is a DEX? Decentralized Exchanges, Explained"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A decentralized exchange, or DEX, is exactly what it sounds like\u2013 a cryptocurrency exchange that is completely decentralized. Here are three reasons DEXes are worth paying attention to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Decentralized exchanges are <\/b>peer-to-peer hubs where users can directly trade crypto without intermediaries like centralized exchanges or other financial gatekeepers.<\/li>\n<li><strong>It&#8217;s a booming sector\u2013\u00a0<\/strong>The top 10 centralized exchanges have nearly $9 billion in Total Value Locked, with leader Uniswap facilitating between $1.5 to $3.5 billion per day.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">DEXs are a living, breathing example of <\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">smart contracts and liquidity pools at work.<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"> The technology is fascinating\u2013 DEX smart contracts set prices algorithmically; users can deposit funds and earn rewards in liquidity pools, which makes trading possible.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>DEXes offer significant advantages over their centralized counterparts, including wider varieties of tokens and trading pairs, the mandatory use of non-custodial wallets, utility in places with poor banking infrastructure, and anonymity\u2013 perhaps their most controversial feature.<\/p>\n<p>Decentralized exchanges also come with a basket of drawbacks and risks, including smart contract vulnerabilities, a higher risk of scams due to the wider availability of unvetted tokens, and sometimes even extremely high costs linked to high gas fees, such as those seen on the Ethereum network.<\/p>\n<p>The following DEX guide explores everything you should know about decentralized exchanges.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Custodial vs. Non-Custodial, Centralized vs. Decentralized<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In order to understand DEXs, it\u2019s important to realize that cryptocurrency exchanges exist on two basic axes: custody and centralization.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12950\" src=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/DEX-chart.png\" alt=\"custody vs centralization\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/DEX-chart.png 600w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/DEX-chart-591x591.png 591w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/DEX-chart-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/DEX-chart-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/DEX-chart-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/DEX-chart-450x450.png 450w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/DEX-chart-250x250.png 250w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/DEX-chart-65x65.png 65w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Custody refers to who holds the keys to accounts on the exchange.<\/strong> When you buy a Bitcoin on Coinbase, for example, it shows up in your Coinbase account, but you don\u2019t actually own and control that Bitcoin yet. You need to request a transfer off Coinbase to an external wallet address that you control before the Bitcoin is really yours. If Coinbase is attacked, slowed down, or has technical issues, you don\u2019t have recourse to secure your Bitcoin. This has been a problem so often with many exchanges that \u201cfunds are safe\u201d has become a meme in the community as exchange operators attempt to reassure users in the wake of system problems.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A non-custodial exchange leaves all funds in the private wallets of its users. Users can then submit and confirm trades on their own from their personal wallets, essentially using the exchange as a matching service. An in-between solution involves users submitting funds to open-source, verified smart contracts that execute when a match is made and can be canceled at any time. This has the advantage of security and automation, but there is a period of time when funds aren\u2019t in users\u2019 wallets. If there\u2019s an issue with the contract, the funds could disappear.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Centralization refers to where the order matching, routing, and execution t<\/strong>ake place. In a centralized exchange, there\u2019s a proprietary order book that reviews all incoming orders and creates matches between users. The exchange software and servers then execute the transaction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decentralized exchanges operate on a network of computers. Some function directly on-chain through the use of smart contracts. Others rely on second-layer networks of trusted nodes, known as relayers, to find and make order matches.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Decentralized exchanges typically trade at about 10% to 20% of centralized exchange volume, up from the meager 1% in 2018, when we first wrote this article. Still,\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>the vast majority of crypto trading happens through centralized institutions.<\/strong> To some, this is an enormous shortcoming of the cryptocurrency space, building a decentralized future atop centralized exchange providers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For others, it seems obvious that an exchange should be centralized. In fact, many have argued that \u201cdecentralized exchange\u201d is an oxymoron. After all, an exchange is a gathering point where people congregate to trade. Of course, it should be a single entity to quickly facilitate transactions. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As with most debates, both sides have merit in their arguments. The challenges of building a great non-custodial DEX are highly nuanced, but the benefits are also difficult to deny.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>A Deeper Look at the Decentralized Exchange Benefits<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trading on a DEX comes with many benefits that make it attractive to cryptocurrency users. Most importantly, DEXs disintermediate the exchange ecosystem, removing middlemen and allowing free, direct trade between parties. This fits with the decentralizing philosophy and mission of crypto generally. That alone makes DEXs a rallying cry for the decentralization-at-any-cost, libertarian diehards, of which the crypto community has a fair few.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But there are other benefits to DEXs that the average user might also find attractive.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. Decentralized Exchange Anonymity Trading<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since DEXs in their purest form use only blockchain information, all you need to share in order to use a DEX is a public address. Most centralized exchanges require a complete signup process with name, email, and even bank account information. Even anonymous crypto-to-crypto exchanges still require location information and other personal details to comply with government regulations and restrictions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That said, if DEXs come to greater prominence, they\u2019ll likely meet up against regulators. Most DEX creators plan to say they\u2019re only releasing open source software and are not liable for what the community does with that software, thus avoiding the KYC and AML issues. However, it remains to be seen if that argument holds up legally long-term, especially if damages result from a poorly written smart contract or security flaw.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. DEX Control of Funds<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DEXs are generally, but not necessarily, non-custodial. As a result, users keep control of their funds throughout the entire transfer process until the moment of exchange, when a smart contract executes the signed trade. No more \u201cfunds are safu\u201d messages. Keeping your funds safe is your own responsibility of a DEX.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. Hacks: DEX vs CEX<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12954\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12954\" style=\"width: 874px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12954 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2018-08-28-at-11.51.46-874x369.png\" alt=\"attacks on exchanges\" width=\"874\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2018-08-28-at-11.51.46-874x369.png 874w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2018-08-28-at-11.51.46-591x250.png 591w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2018-08-28-at-11.51.46-621x262.png 621w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2018-08-28-at-11.51.46-300x127.png 300w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2018-08-28-at-11.51.46-768x325.png 768w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2018-08-28-at-11.51.46-600x254.png 600w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2018-08-28-at-11.51.46.png 937w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 874px) 100vw, 874px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12954\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A history of attacks on centralized exchanges<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since a DEX exists across a network of computers, it becomes much more complicated to attack. There\u2019s no single point of entry or failure. This makes DEXs exponentially more secure on this front.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>However, DEXes can still be hacked and funds can be put in danger through smart contract bugs and other exploits.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4. Downtime<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because there\u2019s no single point of failure in a distributed exchange, there\u2019s less chance of DEX going down. Rollouts of updates happen on a node-by-node basis. Even if individual nodes have to go down due to maintenance or an attack, the remaining nodes can still operate the exchange network.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Drawbacks of DEXs<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DEXs are inherently more complicated than their centralized counterparts. This leads to challenges in implementation and usability that major DEXs have yet to fully address.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. Usability<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first and biggest challenge is user-friendliness. Creating an account on a major centralized exchange is a fairly straightforward process, and it functions much like banking and brokerage applications that users are familiar with. On the other hand, using a DEX requires connecting to a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/best-dapps-platform\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DApp<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or even installing a standalone DEX client. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12953\" src=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2018-08-28-at-12.18.48.png\" alt=\"how a dex works\" width=\"662\" height=\"722\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2018-08-28-at-12.18.48.png 662w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2018-08-28-at-12.18.48-591x645.png 591w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2018-08-28-at-12.18.48-621x677.png 621w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2018-08-28-at-12.18.48-275x300.png 275w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2018-08-28-at-12.18.48-413x450.png 413w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2018-08-28-at-12.18.48-600x654.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 662px) 100vw, 662px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At its simplest, you may only need to set up a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/how-to-use-metamask-beginners-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MetaMask<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> wallet, fund that wallet, then connect with an Ethereum-based DEX DApp. At its most complicated, you might have to set up an independent node and stay online for long periods of time to sign transactions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. Simplified Trading Tools<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Centralized exchanges offer advanced tools like options and margin trading. These simply aren\u2019t possible for today\u2019s DEXs. Trading on a DEX typically includes buy or sell orders only.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. Low Liquidity<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DEXs represent about one percent of the cryptocurrency market\u2019s trading volume. As a result, only low volume trading of popular coins is possible. There\u2019s not enough liquidity to allow for high-volume trading, and there are no centralized institutions providing market-maker services.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4. Latency<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When you make a trade on an exchange, you want as close to instant execution as possible. Otherwise, you could miss out on a price change. Unfortunately, DEXs so far have shown slow cancelation and slow order processing times, since all requests have to propagate across the decentralized network. As a result, price slipping&#8211;price changes between order time and execution time&#8211;is common.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5. Front-running<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because you must broadcast your intentions to the entire network in order to execute a trade, it\u2019s possible for bad actors on the network with fast connections to jump ahead of you in line and buy up coins at a lower price in order to sell them back to you. Known as front-running, this practice undermines the fairness of the exchange. There\u2019s no real way to make sure miners or relayers on a decentralized exchange can\u2019t jump in line for orders. Currently, DEX creators are working on potential solutions that involve signatures or collateral, but no concrete solution exists thus far.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6. Real Decentralization?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some DEXs still require you to hand over custody of your coins. Others involve small, centralized node networks of relayers. Still, others run an off-chain order book that must be maintained somehow by third-party entities. These caveats all subvert the exchanges\u2019 claims of decentralization.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Top DEX Projects<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25093\" src=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2023-11-21-at-2.46.26\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"Top 10 Dex 11\/2023\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2023-11-21-at-2.46.26\u202fPM.png 2048w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2023-11-21-at-2.46.26\u202fPM-591x374.png 591w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2023-11-21-at-2.46.26\u202fPM-621x393.png 621w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2023-11-21-at-2.46.26\u202fPM-300x190.png 300w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2023-11-21-at-2.46.26\u202fPM-1024x649.png 1024w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2023-11-21-at-2.46.26\u202fPM-131x84.png 131w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2023-11-21-at-2.46.26\u202fPM-768x487.png 768w, https:\/\/coincentral.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Screenshot-2023-11-21-at-2.46.26\u202fPM-1536x973.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ethereum-based DEXes like <a href=\"https:\/\/coincentral.com\/what-is-uniswap\/\">UniSwap<\/a> lead the pack, but several Ethereum-based\u00a0 Layer-2 DEXes have emerged with lower network fees, as well as Layer-1 competitors like Solana.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Final Thoughts: What&#8217;s the Future of Decentralized Exchanges<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Decentralized exchanges are well-positioned for popularity and growth in the near future due to a few factors:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>2022 saw several custody-based companies like FTX, Celsius, and Voyager go bankrupt, locking up billions of user funds in the process.\u00a0 Not a good look for custody-based services.<\/li>\n<li>The SEC has been gunning after centralized exchanges in 2023: it <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/deals\/crypto-exchange-bittrex-inc-files-bankruptcy-after-sec-complaint-2023-05-08\/\">charged popular exchange Bittrex<\/a> with operating as an unregistered national securities exchange, broker, and clearing agent, with the exchange filing bankruptcy in May.\u00a0 It has also been going after Kraken and Binance with similar claims.<\/li>\n<li>DEX trial and error continues to gather favorable data.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Decentralized exchanges are changing how crypto gets traded. But what is a DEX, what are the benefits, and why haven&#8217;t we seen more of them?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":12947,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"iawp_total_views":180,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5712],"tags":[13611,6925,11441,8927,6060,5857],"class_list":{"0":"post-12946","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-guides","8":"tag-cryptocurrency-exchanges","9":"tag-decentralized-exchange","10":"tag-dex","11":"tag-etherdelta","12":"tag-idex","13":"tag-waves"},"wppr_data":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Is a DEX? Decentralized Exchanges, Explained - CoinCentral<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Decentralized exchanges are changing how crypto gets traded. 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